Archambault, Marie-Jeanne; Mwadi Tshibwabwa, Laetitia; Côté-Cyr, Mélanie; Moffet, Serge; Shiao, Tze Chieh et Bourgault, Steve
(2024).
« Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Antigenic Saccharides:
From Conjugation Chemistry to Vaccine Design ».
Vaccines, 12(-), pp. 1-20.
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Résumé
Glycoconjugate vaccines have been effective in preventing numerous bacterial infectious diseases and have shown recent potential to treat cancers through active immunotherapy. Soluble poly-saccharides elicit short-lasting immune responses and are usually covalently linked to immuno-genic carrier proteins to enhance the antigen-specific immune response by stimulating T-cell de-pendent mechanisms. Nonetheless, the conjugation of purified polysaccharides to carrier proteins complexifies vaccine production, and the immunization with protein glycoconjugates can lead to undesirable immunogenic interference of the carrier. Recently, the use of nanoparticles and nano-assemblies for the delivery of antigenic saccharides has gathered attention from the scientific community. Nanoparticles can be easily functionalized with a diversity of functionalities, in-cluding T-cell epitope, immunomodulator and synthetic saccharides, allowing the modulation and polarization of the glycoantigen-specific immune response. Notably, conjugation of glycan to nanoparticles protects the antigens from degradation and enhances their uptake by immune cells. Different types of nanoparticles, such as liposomes assembled from lipids, inorganic nanoparti-cles, virus-like particles and dendrimers, have been explored for glycovaccine design. The versa-tility of nanoparticles and their ability to induce robust immune responses make them attractive delivery platforms for antigenic saccharides. The present review aims at summarizing the recent advancements in the use of nano-scaled systems for the delivery of synthetic glycoantigens. After briefly presenting the immunological mechanisms required to promote a robust immune response against antigenic saccharides, this review will offer an overview of the current trends in nano-particle-based delivery of glycoantigens.
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