Véronneau, Marie-Hélène; Trempe, Sophie-Caroline et Oliveira Paiva, Alexandra
(2014).
« Risk and Protective Factors Emerging From the Peer Context:
How Do Other Kids Contribute to Adolescents’ Psychosocial Adjustment? ».
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19(3), pp. 695-705.
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Résumé
As children become adolescents, peers take on increased importance in their life. Peer experiences can either help them thrive or can negatively affect their psychosocial adjustment. In this review article we (a) provide definitions for the types of peer experiences most commonly studied in relation to adolescent psychosocial adjustment, (b) give an overview of common psychosocial issues encountered by adolescents, (c) review past research that has pointed at risk and protective factors that emerge from peer experiences during adolescence, and (d) discuss the role of peer influences in the context of current issues relevant to adolescent education in the province of Québec (Canada). Research suggests that friendships with deviant peers, bullying, and the experience of rejection from the overall peer group are related to adjustment problems, whereas friendships with prosocial and academically oriented peers and social acceptance in the peer group are related to healthy development. Friendship quality, popularity among peers, and involvement in friendship cliques cannot be clearly categorized as either positive or negative influences, because they interact with other factors (e.g., friends’ characteristics, prevailing social norms) in shaping adolescents’ development. We propose that the promotion of social skills and positive youth leadership should be an integral part of students’ learning process in school.
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